Investment arbitration awards, contingent financial liabilities and human rights
More and more States are facing claims in investment arbitrations that private agents presents against them in specialized tribunals such as ICSID, among other international arbitration forums. These claims usually involve considerable amounts in compensation for alleged violations that States commit towards the protection of foreign investments. However, the international investment arbitration regime has been highly questioned for more than a decade due to its partiality and for functioning in fact as a mechanism that inhibits States from promoting regulatory measures. The amounts of the demands are contingent financial liabilities that imply an eventual sacrifice of economic resources and that compromise national budgets for the fulfillment of other state obligations, even priority ones such as human rights. This text analyzes what this mechanism is about and to what extent these contingent liabilities limit the state's regulatory capacity and compliance with fundamental rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Javier Echaide https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Educación popular y derechos humanos y de los pueblos: concepciones desde el Sur global para la praxis pedagógica
This article analyzes the articulations between popular education and human rights from perspectives situated in the Global South, proposing to understand these rights as historical processes constructed through the struggles of peoples. Drawing on the Latin American pedagogical tradition inspired by Paulo Freire, it argues that human rights education cannot be reduced to the transmission of legal content but must contribute to a critical reading of reality and to the strengthening of collective organization. The paper draws on contributions from African anti-colonial thought and Latin American critical pedagogies to reflect on the notion of the rights of peoples and their relationship with decolonization processes, the defense of territories, and historical memory. It also examines social movements as pedagogical subjects capable of producing knowledge, educational experiences, and horizons of social transformation. From a territorial and intersectional perspective, the article addresses the role of community feminisms, the dialogue of knowledges, and the pedagogy of territory in the construction of emancipatory educational practices. Methodologically, the study is based on the systematization of experiences developed in popular education processes in human rights with diverse social groups. Finally, it argues that popular education constitutes a fundamental tool for strengthening collective memories, building situated knowledge, and accompanying the struggles for dignity, autonomy, and social justice in Latin America.
Copyright (c) 2026 revista revista https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Some coordinates for rethinking our struggles in neocolonial times
This paper was presented at the closing conference of In[ter]disciplinadæs: Latin American Congress of Feminist Studies of the South, held from November 18 to 21, 2025, in Montevideo, Uruguay, organized by the Center for Interdisciplinary Feminist Studies (CEIFem) of the University of the Republic. The aim of this text is to present some coordinates that allow us to reposition our struggles and resistance, as well as the system's evolving landscape. Only in this way is it possible to understand what is at stake today. While I will take a roundabout approach to reach the central point of this discussion, I believe it is necessary to do so in order to fully grasp the complexity of the moment we are currently experiencing. It is also worth clarifying that for this text I revisit various reflections I have developed in different forums and works published between 2012 and 2025, in order to engage them in dialogue with the themes that circulated in the Congress's exchange spaces. So below I will try to capture this conversation (as coordinates) to address - from a spiral path - themes and problems of interest to our Latin American region and to the feminist debates of the South.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karina Ochoa Muñoz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Traces of Feminist Philosophical Critique: Perspectives of Camila Henríquez Ureña
This article aims to examine the philosophical proposals developed by Camila Henríquez Ureña regarding the issue of the female subject within the framework of bourgeois modernity in Cuba. We hypothesize that the philosopher deconstructs patriarchal lines of thought, challenging ideological conceptual frameworks concerning the feminine/masculine from a feminist perspective. In this context, Henríquez Ureña sets a precedent in the reflection on sexuality and gender relations within the framework of citizenship, questioning the structure of separate spheres (public and private) and, consequently, the conditions of female subordination. With this research, I intend to contribute to the history of philosophy in Latin America and the Caribbean from a women's perspective. It is essential to highlight the epistemic proposals of those who contribute problematic ideas, construct conceptualizations, and renew worldviews.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Gómez-Cañoles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Needs and Expectations of Older Persons in an Intergenerational Park in Pachuca de Soto, Mexico
This study analyzes, from the perspective of social bioethics and environmental gerontology grounded in the human rights of older persons, the current conditions, expectations, and needs of this age group in the “Parque de la Familia” in the city of Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Mexico. It is a qualitative study conducted within a hermeneutic-interpretive framework and based on content analysis, using in-depth interviews as the research technique. The study focused on the “Parque de la Familia” and involved three groups of participants: older persons who use the park, environmental gerontologists, and the head of programs for older adults at the Hidalgo branch of Mexico’s Ministry of Welfare. Eight interviews were conducted: five with the first group, two with the second, and one with the third. The results show that users report that their principles of autonomy, dignity, and integrity are violated by people under 60 years of age who appropriate these spaces for their exclusive use. Environmental gerontologists acknowledge the shortage of public spaces for older adults, while the public official confirms the lack of consideration given to gerontological parks. The integrity of older persons is linked to the right to a dignified life associated with physical, mental, and social health. The combination of bioethical principles and human rights makes it possible to develop inclusive public policies aimed at serving older persons in public spaces in order to improve their quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Ibarra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Participatory Research, History, and Grassroots Agency in the Envión Program, Bahía Blanca, Argentina (2010–2022)
Participatory processes within Participatory Research can serve as valuable mechanisms for conducting research that is, in diverse ways and to varying degrees, committed to popular causes. For this reason, several tools offered by this approach were used in an undergraduate thesis for the Bachelor’s degree in Education Sciences (Universidad Nacional del Sur). The thesis examines the implementation of a socio-educational policy in the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina): the Shared Social Responsibility Program Envión, specifically in the city of Bahía Blanca. This article justifies the use of this perspective by outlining its most salient principles and explaining how they supported both the development of the study and its outcomes. The paper is organized into four sections addressing: the foundations of Participatory Research; its possible connections and contributions to the thesis’s research problem; the participatory processes incorporated during the thesis work; and the main findings derived from participatory contributions.
Dossier: Participatory Research, Popular Education, and Intersectionalities
Copyright (c) 2025 María Camila Perilli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Marxism and the Thought of Martín-Baró as a Critique of the Hegemonic Perspective(s) within Psychology
This article explores the possible influence of Marxism on social psychology based on the perspective of Martín-Baró. The study incorporates considerations from Wilhelm Reich, as well as reflections by Carl Ratner and Roque Laraia. The method employed is theoretical discussion, a qualitative approach supported by data collection through the reading of books and articles. The reflections are built through a dialectical engagement with a Psychology focused on the concrete and contextualized human being. Marxism provides an analytical framework for scientific practice itself, which, in the case of Psychology, must be shaped by a critical perspective aimed at liberation. The conservative and individualistic roots of Psychology are acknowledged. The study develops hypotheses such as: the cultural and social dimensions within capitalist reality deserve emphasis in Psychology due to their influence on groups and individuals; a Psychology that fails to value the cultural and historical aspects of the contextualized human being tends to produce abstract interpretations. The results indicate that Martín-Baró’s theoretical contributions stem from the Marxist legacy, which enabled him to develop a liberating Social Psychology. This Social Psychology finds its strength in the capacity to analyze historical processes and the ideological dynamics of contemporaneity that tend to capture both the scientific sphere and common sense consciousness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcelo Vinicius Costa Amorim, Maria Aparecida da Costa Chiovato https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
García Linera and His Translations of Marxism Undertaken from the Vice Presidency of the Plurinational State of Bolivia
The purpose of this article is to analyze a set of Marxist texts edited by García Linera during his tenure as Vice President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, a position he held between 2006 and 2019. The working hypothesis is that these editions are part of an effort to translate Marxism from Bolivia and Latin America. Using the category of translation as a key analytical lens, the texts are classified into three groups and examined. First, there are García Linera’s own writings, in which he makes creative use of Marxist categories to interpret the process of change in Bolivia. Second, there are the works of Latin American Marxist intellectuals who revisit Marx to interpret Latin American reality and to develop a critique of both global capitalism and colonialism. Third, there are unpublished writings of Marx, which reveal a non-Eurocentric Marx with a multilinear view of history and a critical stance toward the neutrality of the productive forces. The article concludes that these three translation efforts contribute to the production of a Latin American Marxism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Pablo Patriglia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Plenitudinous Silence, Method, and Immersion in Popular Neighborhoods, Salta (Argentina)
This article aims to sketch certain conceptual and methodological notes, evoking multiple experiences undertaken with communities from Popular Neighborhoods in the city of Salta (Argentina). These experiences provide the ground for reflecting on the notion of silence, understood as a methodology for social work and research. From reflections that emerged in the course of accompanying grassroots groups and communities struggling for the exercise of fundamental rights, we articulate some statements that operate as translations of ways of naming and practicing the defense of life within poverty. We seek to understand silence as a method of social immersion in complex and alternative realities. From this we infer that silence enables other ways of communicating and of untangling the asymmetries and established social hierarchies that dominate collective imaginaries. Thus, our categorical proposition admits silence, in its philosophical sense, as the negative aspect of language but also as a creative force for building intercultural and communal communicative bonds. The methodological and analytical approach employed is qualitative, drawing on resources from the Social Sciences, Decolonial Thought, and Philosophy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gonzalo Juan José Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Critical Ethnographies and the Decolonization of Fieldwork in NuestrAmérica
One of the most widely used methods in social research is ethnography, which may follow positivist, critical, or decolonial methodological paradigms. In theses, articles, and books, the ethnographic method is often cited, yet in practice, its application is limited to techniques and tools, reducing fieldwork to occasional visits or brief excursions. This article critically analyzes hegemonic ethnographic approaches while highlighting the emergence of critical and decolonial ethnographies in social research across NuestrAmérica. The methodology involves a review of theoretical sources and a comparative analysis of traditional, critical, and decolonial ethnographic practices, with particular attention to fieldwork and the construction of collective subjectivities. The findings show that classical ethnography, grounded in positivism and Eurocentrism, tends to reproduce structures of power and offers a limited view of the communities under study. In contrast, critical and decolonial ethnographies introduce reflexivity, horizontality, and knowledge co-production, reclaiming subaltern voices and ways of knowing, as well as emphasizing ethics and cognitive justice. From this perspective, fieldwork is redefined as a relational, collaborative, and intersubjective process that rejects epistemic extractivism and fosters social transformation. The study concludes that critical and decolonial ethnographies contribute to the democratization of knowledge production, challenge epistemic hierarchies, and promote both social and cognitive justice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eduardo Andrés Sandoval-Forero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Generational divides, social inequality, and epistemological reflections on teachers’ adoption of educational technologies in Quito
The generational divide in technology use has created significant differences in how digital tools are integrated into education. This qualitative study, using a phenomenological design, examines how teachers from different generations in schools in Quito adopt Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and assesses their implications for teaching and learning. The sample consisted of 15 teachers divided into three age groups: younger (25–35), mid-career (36–50), and older (51+). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns in their experiences. The findings show that younger teachers incorporate technology with relative ease; mid-career teachers tend to go through an adaptation process; and older teachers report greater difficulties and distrust. Factors such as digital self-efficacy, access to professional development, and the institutional context shape technology adoption. The study concludes that teacher training should be strengthened through differentiated approaches by generation, promoting strategic uses of technology to enhance educational quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cecilia Marcillo , Frank Viteri Bazante, Clara Sosa Guachamin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Government responses to epidemics in Latin America between public health protection and economic stability
This article summarizes how the Latin American region has addressed epidemics from the colonial period to the present, highlighting their main health and social impacts. It focuses particularly on the role of lockdowns as a public health measure, examining their use as tools for disciplining groups that challenge those in power, as intrusions into everyday life, or as substitutes for more costly interventions. The study also explores the current capacities and limitations of Latin American countries to complement such non-pharmaceutical interventions with 21st-century instruments, ranging from remote work policies to the redistribution of financial resources. The methodology is based on secondary source analysis, including documentary materials and databases that allow for identifying significant associations in support of the hypothesis. The findings illustrate that, in the current stage of development, the main barriers to epidemic containment and control in the region are not technological but political.
Copyright (c) 2025 Valentina Viego https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Contributions of feminisms and dissident movements to the conceptualizations of new youth from the perspective of Popular Education(s)
The article analyzes, from a historical-critical perspective rooted in Latin American Popular Education, how feminisms and sex-gender dissidences have contributed to reconfiguring the conceptualizations of “new youth”. Drawing on a situated reflection that weaves together biographical experiences, activist trajectories and a review of feminist, decolonial and popular education literature, it explores the traces left by the Uruguayan dictatorship on the bodies of women, dissident subjects and young people, as well as the tensions between feminist movements and the androcentric field of Popular Education. It discusses key contributions of these movements: situated knowledges, the centrality of sexual diversity, critique of forms of patriarchal violence, and an intersectional approach as a political tool. It concludes that youth should be understood as rights-bearing subjects, plural, present and agentic, rather than as a homogeneous stage of transition, and that Popular Educations are renewed when they integrate these perspectives so as to restore memories, dispute meanings and strengthen emancipatory educational processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Torrado Lois https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Human Rights, Dignity, and Social Justice Model of the ILO and the UN: Scope and Limits
The paper contains a study on the two most important international organizations of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries: the UN and the ILO, with the aim of demonstrating the alliance they have managed to build, what is called here the international model of human rights, dignity and social justice, expressed in various documents and instruments that reflect the various revolutionary achievements of human rights. The study was supported by a genealogical procedure of a philosophical nature that allowed me to detect the formation of the model, as well as to track the appearance of certain ethical-political categories and concepts in the documents and instruments produced on them. I found that this model has limits for its application in certain social fields, one of which, and the one I chose to study, is that of transnational corporations (TNCs).
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Luisa Guerrero Guerrero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Gender Oppressions and Forms of Subordination in the Rural Community of Nueva Palestina, Chiapas, Mexico
This study aims to shed light on the realities experienced at both the community and family levels by a group of women from a rural community in Chiapas, whose lives are shaped by the gendered conditions and circumstances of their local context. The account presented here draws on a process of research and accompaniment carried out through a feminist methodology, conceived as a commitment to recovering lived experience through situated inquiry. The findings are organized into two thematic blocks: gender-based forms of subordination at the community level and gender-based forms of subordination at the family level. At the community level, the study reveals inequalities in decision-making and political participation, as well as the feminization of agricultural labor, which does not relieve women of domestic work; within the family sphere, women’s contribution is shown to be central to the maintenance and support of their households, through double or triple workloads involving domestic and care work, with consequences for their health and bodies. Overall, what we describe as gender paradoxes becomes visible: the achievement of rights and advances coexists with the persistence of oppression within both community and family dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anahi Vázquez Pérez, Germán Alejandro García Lara, Oscar Cruz Pérez, Irma Hernández Solís https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
This article presents part of the investigation process of the research 'Back home: from the eternal teacher to the teaching complex', whose unique objective was to analyze the fulfilled desire of a specific group of teachers: to return as a teacher at the school where they studied. The work adopted the study of analytical bias on the research of Sobreira (2008), highlighting mainly the concept of eternal teacher advancing to another perspective: the teaching complex. The central question of the research was to discover how the wishes/wishes/dreams of teachers interfere in their pedagogical and professional choices. Therefore, it discusses through the analysis of the interviews carried out with thirty professors who fulfilled this dream/desire, trying to excavate in their reports the feelings in relation to the return, their memories of the student days and of Professor Admirado (Sobreira, 2008).
Dossier: Paulo Freire’s thoughts in current research in education
Copyright (c) 2023 Waleska Rodrigues Costa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Microhistory, social leadership and popular political culture in Colombia
Starting from microhistory in its methodological and epistemological possibilities and taking as a basis for analysis the works of the Italian social historian Carlo Ginzburg, this article proposes a reflection on key issues of contemporary Colombian history through the experiences, concerns and Experiences of Sergio Amaya Barrios, "Peace and Good", recycler, social leader and homeless citizen of the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Through this character it is revealed, in addition to a particular interpretation of the country's social leadership and political culture, the particular languages used by popular subjects to translate that interpretive experience, as well as the tensions generated by the inclusion of voices, experiences and reflections of the popular sectors in social studies, since it questions the hegemony of social discourse located in the figure of the "scholar", the "specialist" or the "intellectual", an issue that implies the vindication of principles of historiography criticism, in particular of microhistory, such as epistemological constructivism, the centrality of popular voices as a key reference point for analysis, and experimentation in the approach and analysis of historical facts, as proposed by Ginzburg.
Copyright (c) 2023 Giovanny Gilberto Leal Roncancio, Andrés Felipe Ortiz Gordillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Decoloniality as a critique of the ontological perspective of modernity
This reflection exposes how the decolonial perspective can be understood from its position of ontological opening and its critical assessment of the ontology of modernity. The central argument is that decolonial theory, in its various authors and positions, starts from a specific ontological conception, on which all criticisms and central concepts are built. In addition, it constitutes the starting point of its epistemological, conceptual, and theoretical scaffolding. The arguments are exposed through the presentation of statements and concepts of various authors of decoloniality. The foregoing with the intention of giving content to these discussions and their reference to the ontological plane and, with which, the entire organization of decolonial concepts and categories can be explained.
Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Diego Soto Kiewit, Alexis Segura Jiménez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Estopô Balaio, a case of a socio-political engaged approach to Applied Theatre
Theatre can play a social transformation role when used as a platform for empowering individuals who are critically engaged in such cultural practices. This article is part of a research conducted in 2021 on Estopô Balaio's work - a Brazilian collective theatre group that has worked in an under-represented community in São Paulo. This research aims to critically demonstrate how Applied Theatre (AT) can transform people's lives, empower individuals engaged in group activities, and build a sense of community and empathy. Moreover, two Brazilian authors, Paulo Freire (1970) and Augusto Boal (2019), were used as primary references. The methodology framework was chosen to depict how the research was conducted during the pandemic. The Brazilian cultural and social context during COVID-19 will be portrayed shortly to present the research problem and purpose.
Copyright (c) 2023 Juliana Spadotto, Nadia Saito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Towards a Dialogic University Extension from an Intersectional Critical Perspective
This paper proposes a reflection on the ongoing need to redefine popular education from an intersectional paradigm. To do so, I present my experience as an academic and popular educator over the course of more than twenty years. The paper draws on perspectives on university extension based on our praxis, in dialogue with the perspectives developed from popular or dialogic extension in Brazil. I reflect on insights gained from our extension work, where we embrace the intersectional paradigm and decolonial perspectives on the rights of communities. I aim to share the paths, perspectives, and practices that we have been upholding within the public university in Argentina. I conclude that we must advance and maintain a perspective rooted in an intersectional critical paradigm that goes beyond purely descriptive views of intersectionality.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jessica Visotsky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Gramsci and Paulo Freire, reflections on popular education
In this article, we present the experience of collective creation of a full-time integral education school unit of the municipal education network of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Through bibliographical research, we investigated strategies to encourage the democratic management of public education in Niterói. Based on the educational principle and the role of the organic intellectual in the organization of culture, by Antonio Gramsci, in close relationship with popular education and the role of the university professor as an educator by Paulo Freire, we base the hypothesis that in the democratic management of public education, the role of the intellectual in the School Council connects scientific knowledge and popular knowledge, weaving, in the territory, collaborative networks between public educational institutions. The initial conclusion ratifies the need, in times of barbarism, to promote the integral education of the subaltern class as a first step in the construction of a radically democratic and popular educational project.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sirley Teresa dos Reis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Social rap and new ethnic identities in Urraka negra and El indio Javi
Social rap can be focused on multiple perspectives: aestetic, cultural, artistic, political, and economic. Specifically in terms of ´social rap´ (Caldwell, 2008) or ´conscius rap,´ this genre implies conflicts that involve social groups and reinforces some aspects of identity construction. This paper centers on two social rap projects associated with a Mapuche cosmovision: Urraka Negra MC y El indio Javi, in order to describe and analize how intersectionalities articulate in their poetics and artistic personas. It can be observed that in Urraka Negra MC 's discoursive space, the categories of gender and ethnicity are indissociably aritculated, whereas in that of El indio Javi, social class and ethnicity variables become noticeable. Both artists, with their singularities, enact (bring to life) a social image of rap artists as chroniclers and agents of social change.
Copyright (c) 2023 María Agustina Arias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Wichí social-territorial struggles north of the Bermejo river, Salta (1984-2011)
In the last decades, the Chaco-Salteño has suffered the advance of agro-productivist and extractivist activities that profoundly affected the lives of peasant and indigenous families. The enclosure of lands that until then were in reserve and clearing for agricultural and livestock purposes caused evictions and dispossession of territories traditionally occupied and used by these social groups. The organizational processes that have been deployed in relation to these phenomena tend to appear intermittent and scattered; however, the struggle has been persistent. The present study tries to analyse the way in which these organizational processes question the advance of capital in the region, its meanings and specificities. The idea is to think of them as modes of articulation and disarticulation, not horizontal or between peers, but in connection with power relations. To specify the analysis, ethnographic work was carried out in the territory during several research stays and joint work with the interlocutors.
Copyright (c) 2023 Natalia Boffa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Context and political tensions of psychology in Ecuador in its epistemic foundation
This paper analyzes the current situation of psychology in Ecuador, which is affected by political tensions that limit its practice. Its evolution in academia and civil society is examined, with a focus on the most recognized clinical psychologists. A recent history is presented, highlighting the modernization of the state since the government of Rafael Correa and the current regulations. The regulation of titles and the controversy surrounding the profiles of graduates and the needs of the public health system are discussed. Constant changes in educational regulations have generated interinstitutional disputes. The regulation of psychology by the Ministry of Health and changes in higher education laws are addressed. It is acknowledged that psychology as a science and practice is the only affected party. The paper highlights the ontological and epistemic crisis influenced by political and economic interests. The lack of a demarcation criterion and the weakening of the discipline to address psychosocial problems are mentioned. Psychology in Ecuador faces challenges in its practice and regulation, leading to a crisis that affects its ability to address current social problems.
Copyright (c) 2023 Frank Viteri Bazante, Susana Baldeón Loza, Clara Sosa Guachamin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Movement and actuality of the Philosophy of Liberation
In this article we discuss the theme of the philosophy of liberation as a movement, highlighting figures such as Ricaurte Soler who until then went unnoticed in these accounts, also the Argentine philosophy of liberation and how it, in the figure of Enrique Dussel, led to a presently vibrant heterogeneous school of thought. Despite the distinctions made between movement and school, in both cases it is concluded that the philosophy of liberation is also a politics of liberation. That means that its political commitment cannot be detached from the most abstract cogitations. And, that is what its actuality consists of, because it has something to say in these times of war and pandemic in which the affirmation of life becomes the articulating principle of liberating praxis.
Copyright (c) 2023 Abdiel Rodríguez Reyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Colombian armed conflict, peasantry and food production
In this article, a bibliographic review is carried out with the intention of understanding how the armed conflict has intensified the forced displacement of peasants towards the cities; and how this and state policies have generated a decrease in the planted area and in food productivity, taking into account the agrarian struggles of the 1920s and 1930s, the period of the Age of Violence (1948-1958), the recrudescence of the insurgent and counterinsurgent violence of the 70's and 80's, the economic opening directed from the State from 1991 to the present time.
Copyright (c) 2023 Tania Camila Bonilla Riveros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Colonial discourses and national identity in the centenary of the independence of Brazil
In view of the recent commemoration of the bicentennial of the independence of Brazil (2022), the aim of this work was to analyze the discourse of the Rio de Janeiro press on the festivities of the centenary of the independence (1922) to identify colonial marks related to the construction of the national identity of that country. The focus was on the relationship between Brazil and Portugal and the central event of the celebrations: the visit of the Portuguese president to Rio de Janeiro, then the federal capital. Methodologically, we worked with the documentary analysis of newspapers of that time. The texts that constituted the corpus of the research were interpreted in the light of French-Brazilian discourse analysis. Despite historical criticisms of the Portuguese colony, this work highlights the existence of discourses that flattered the former colony and vice versa, which explains an oedipal relationship between both countries that leaves traces in recent history.
Copyright (c) 2023 Thalita Camargo Angelucci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Taoism and Buddhism in the ontology of Günter Rodolfo Kusch
The following study aims to demonstrate that in the depths of America, Rodolfo Kusch draws on "orientalist" sources to establish ontological parallels between the East and America. We compare his work with Carl Jung's "The Secret of the Golden Flower" and "Psychology and Alchemy," as well as with the articles by Wing Tsit-chan and Junjiro Takakusu found in "Philosophy of the East." Our research has shown that Kusch incorporates Jung's ideas influenced by the East, retrieves concepts from the Taoist philosopher Chuang Tzu, and appropriates Oriental notions such as the mandala, wuwei, and asidad to develop the mystical and religious aspects of his philosophy.
Copyright (c) 2023 Max Kubaseck https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Approaches to gynecological-obstetric femicide
The death of a woman as a consequence of the actions or omissions of the State, institutions or people, due to the disregard of her condition as a woman and the conceptions, traditions and organizational forms of an unequal society, among which can be mentioned attributable maternal deaths deliveries in unacceptable hygienic conditions, lack of medical assistance or obstetric violence can be considered indirect femicide. For this reason, the aforementioned article aims to make visible, problematize and denounce, from a feminist and intersectional perspective, femicides as a consequence of violent gynecological and obstetric practices carried out on women's bodies for cultural, religious, economic, political or medical reasons. ; which are deepened in the case of racialized women, economically precarious women, and therefore, with less influence or possibility of making visible and successfully denouncing the forms of violence and violation perpetrated against them.
Copyright (c) 2022 Esther Pineda G. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
From social control to genetic control. Pandemic, authoritarianism, and social resistance
The coronavirus pandemic causes widespread uncertainty, to the point of paralyzing productive apparatus on a planetary scale. Rarely has capitalism experienced such a complex crisis. After two years of sanitary emergency, the real situation and the possible evolution of the pandemic are still uncertain. Contrary to what the devotees of neoliberalism proclaim, the end of history is finally the metaphor of the unviability of capitalism. The answers have been diverse, but global powers have sought to take advantage of the crisis to increase their control over society. On the other hand, community logics have tried to respond with more collective, solidarity-based and even ancestral alternatives, as was the case with the management of pandemic. The greatest threat is the use of fear to increase not only the mechanism of bio-surveillance of people, but also the individualized control of the entire population. The development of genetics, accelerated by the fight against coronavirus, enhances the possibilities of political action over genetic structure of people. Face to this threat, peoples around the world have the option of empowering their resistance from cultural diversity. The enormous mobilizations in 2019 exposed a multiplicity of agendas and identities, so wide that they become uncontrollable from the centrality of power. Capitalism can be besieged from a great variety of positions that intervene simultaneously.
Dossier: Un virus recorre el mundo. Entre desigualdades y resistencias sociales del siglo XXI
Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Cuvi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0